![]() The Wiring platform consisted of a printed circuit board (PCB) with an ATmega168 microcontroller, an IDE based on Processing, and library functions to easily program the microcontroller. The project goal was to create simple, low-cost tools for creating digital projects by non-engineers. In 2003, Hernando Barragán created the development platform Wiring as a Master's thesis project at IDII, under the supervision of Massimo Banzi and Casey Reas, who are known for work on the Processing language. At that time, the students used a BASIC Stamp microcontroller, at a cost that was a considerable expense for many students. The Arduino project started at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. While the Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol, it differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. The ATmega328 on the board comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino boards it and version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino, which have now evolved to newer releases. The word " uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release of Arduino Software. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. It is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by and initially released in 2010. ![]()
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